**A year of unanswered questions**
On June 12, 2025, Air India flight AI171, a Boeing 787-8 (VT-ANB), crashed in an urban area near Ahmedabad airport just 32 seconds after rotation. All but one of the 242 occupants perished, along with at least 19 people on the ground. The accident is one of the deadliest involving a modern long-haul airliner in recent years. The Indian AAIB released a preliminary report in July 2025, but the final report has been delayed, with only an interim update now expected on the first anniversary.
**The fuel cutoff sequence**
The preliminary report revealed a critical finding: seconds after takeoff, both fuel control switches moved from RUN to CUTOFF in rapid succession, cutting fuel to both GEnx-1B engines. The switches have a locking mechanism, making accidental movement unlikely. The cockpit voice recorder (CVR) captured one pilot asking the other, "Why did you cut?" and the reply, "I didn't cut anything." This exchange has fueled intense debate among experts, pilots, and families.
**Technical investigation and engine testing**
The Ram Air Turbine (RAT) deployed quickly after power loss, confirming a dual-engine failure or major electrical degradation. An automatic relight attempt briefly restored power to one engine, but not enough to maintain a climb. The other engine failed to restart despite multiple fuel reintroductions. The engines have been sent to GE Aerospace facilities in Ohio for detailed examination. The AAIB states that the final report is largely written but awaits GE's conclusions.
**Implications for ATPL and ATC students**
This case is a textbook example of the complexity of accident investigation under ICAO Annex 13. For ATPL students, it highlights the critical importance of understanding fuel system architecture, engine control logic, and the human factors that can lead to catastrophic decisions under stress. ATC students should note the rapid timeline—32 seconds from rotation to impact—and the challenges of coordinating emergency services when an aircraft goes down in a densely populated area. The unresolved cockpit exchange also underscores the need for clear communication and CRM training.
**Ongoing controversy**
The Indian Pilots Federation (FIP) has called for an independent judicial inquiry, criticizing the release of partial findings that may fuel speculation. As the investigation continues, the aviation community awaits definitive answers that could reshape training and procedures for the 787 fleet.
